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What
is Gaia-Tree I.S. about?
The purpose of Gaia-Tree I.S. is to provide a marketplace
for products and commodities to create and maintain a sustainable civilization.
We don't pretend for a second to have every, or even a small percentage,
of the full range of items that a sustainable society would need and enjoy.
However, we are adding new products continually, and will be providing
links to concordant sites in the future.
The focus of Gaia-Tree I.S. is well-summarized in these
words from Harry S. Truman:
"In the long view, no nation is healthier
than its children, or more prosperous than its farmers."
Healthy children and prosperous farmers: at Gaia-Tree, we take these as
the defining metrics of the success of a sustainable civilization.
Healthy children and prosperous farmers are achievable, and probably only
achievable, when the basis of the economy of that civilization is local,
organic agriculture.
The immediate concern with this paradigm for most is the
economics: how can local, organic agriculture sustain a civilization for
even a short time, let alone forever? Sally Fallon provides an insightful
answer to that question using the United States as an example. May
she leave you with a smile.
| Mike and Lynne
today |
"Let's
take a look at Mike, a dairy farmer producing a white agricultural
substance called milk. Mike has 30 cows, and he gets about $10 per
hundredweight (about 12 gallons) for his milk (which is less than
farmers received before World War II).
In order to maximize his return, he has modern
Holstein cows and he feeds them lots of grain. So he may get 190
hundredweight per year from each cow, which works out to a total
yearly income of $57,000, most of which is eaten up with feed and
vet bills. [Note from Gaia-Tree: If he grows his own grain, then
patented seeds, fertilizers, instecticides, herbicides, equipment
financing, equipment maintenance, storage facilities, a granary,
fuel, and power take the place of feed.]
His wife Lynne has to work off-farm to bring in
some cash and obtain health insurance. They live just above
the poverty line. If they are in debt (50% of farm income goes to
financing debt) and the prices drop even a little bit, or their
cows produce less than expected, they lose their farm. |
| Mike
and Lynne tomorrow |
Let's
now look at what Mike's income would be if he had a grass-based
dairy and sold milk directly to the public. He would use Guernseys,
Jerseys, or some other "old-fashioned" breed because these
cows do better on grass. He would only get about 100 hundredweight
per cow per year, about half as much production, but if he sells
the milk at $4 per gallon, he would get about five times as much
for the milk. [Note from Gaia-Tree: the retail price for a gallon
of milk is an average when the retail outlet is not positioning
dairy products as a "loss leader", which is a common practice
in the industry.]
At this price, along with equivalent
prices for butter (about $10 per pound) and cream (about $9 per
quart), Mike makes about $50 per hundredweight. (If he makes a good
cheese, he can actually make more per hundredweight – in France
the value-added product that brings the most to farmers is not wine
but cheese.) Thus, at a conservative $50 per hundredweight, he grosses
$5,000 per cow per year. With 30 cows his gross income on the milk
alone is $150,000.
But there's more. Because Lynne
makes butter, cream, and cheese, the farm will have whey and skim
milk as by-products, which is free food for pigs and chickens.
So, in addition to milk and milk products, the farm can sell eggs,
chicken, turkeys, pork, bacon, and lard as by-products. The
male calves go to veal or beef. Depending on how hard they
want to work, they can put the manure to good use by growing vegetables
or fruit. They may also produce maple syrup or honey. So let's
add, for the sake of argument, another $50,000 (which is conservative)
to the total, bringing us to $200,000 gross income for a farm with
30 dairy cows on something like 100 acres if they sell all that
they are able to produce.
Of course there are capital
investments and the cost of the land to consider – this is
going to be about the same no matter what Mike is getting for his
milk, but farm operating expenses will be much lower because he
is bringing in only a minimal amount from the outside, his vet bills
will be very low, the fertility of his animals will be high, and
his cows will live a long time. |
| The local economy |
What does
this mean for communities and local employment?
If just 10 percent of the U.S. population bought
milk, butter, cream, and cheese directly from farmers, as well as
all the other products produced on the farm, we would need about
75,000 hundred-acre farms, each with 30 cows. If each farm generates
an annual income of $200,000, the total revenue is $15 billion,
year after year, much of which stays right in the local community.
(If the whole country did this, the total would be over $1.5 trillion,
or 8 percent of the current Gross National Product.)
You see now why the original and basic source of
wealth is cattle. Cattle are the stock of the stock market, and
the word capital is derived from the Latin for heads of cattle. |
| Return on investment |
In my lifetime,
I have witnessed first hand what this kind of farm revenue does
for local communities. During the 1960s, the town of Healdsburg,
California – a thriving town before Prohibition shut down
the local wineries, had become a dump. Local farms produced
pears and prune plums, commodity crops that were bought by big corporations
that sold the pears fresh and dried the prunes. Everything was run
down, there was no good restaurant in town, and most of the buildings
needed paint.
Today, Healdsburg is hopping.
There are numerous trendy shops around the central square, several
great restaurants, a fabulous hardware store, several bakeries,
and an independent grocery store that does well in spite of the
fact that there is a big Safeway on the other side of town.
There is even a nice hotel across from the central square.
Everything is neatly painted and attractive.
What caused the change? It was
the rather sudden switch from a commodity crop to a value-added
one, from prunes and pears to wine grapes and the opening of numerous
wineries selling their value-added product.
Wine is a rich man's hobby. Grapes
are very expensive to plant, and it takes about six years for them
to fully mature, plus another two years for the resulting wine produced
to be ready to drink. By contrast, entry into the dairy business
is relatively easy. If you purchase a cow for $1,000 and sell
the milk for $50 per hundredweight, you recoup your investment within
three months. |
| Employment |
As for
employment, let's assume that the 75,000 farms employ three people
full time. Maybe these people consist of the farmers themselves
(husband and wife) plus one older child, or the couple and one hired
person. The resulting total employment will be 225,000 individuals.
There is also the multiplier effect, usually given as a ratio of
2.7. That is, for each direct farm employee, there will be
2.7 indirect employees. Thus, the total employment created (direct
plus indirect) is 832,500 people.
If we add to milk and farm products other items
that could be produced locally – healthy soft drinks, bread
and other bakery products, sausage and broth, lacto-fermented vegetables,
and so forth, we would see an unbelievable explosion of local prosperity,
a small town renaissance.
We'd see a return of small, local clothing and
shoe factories. With the right technology, we can also make
paper from hemp, locally and in an environmentally friendly way.
Craftsmanship would flourish: furnituremaking, carpentry, home building,
dressmaking, gourmet cuisine, art and music. Medical bills
and insurance costs would decline, and there would be employment
for all. In fact, a shortage of labor would result in a decent living
wage for anyone willing to work. |
| The local, organic
sustainable civilization |
You have
two cows, not genetically manipulated and produced through natural
breeding, who feed on fertile green pastures and produce delicious
high-fat milk. They are cheerfully milked by your round-faced children
with naturally straight teeth and wearing pure cotton clothes, colored
with natural dyes and produced in the nearby town. The cows
give birth to calves every year, and soon you have a herd of 30
cows, all producing delicious healthy milk.
Out-of-work orthodontists gather up the manure
in the milking shed and distribute it on your pasture, in which
happy chickens run around, turning over cow paddies and eating bugs
to produce nutrient-rich eggs.
You make naturally yellow butter and a delicious
cheese. You feed the whey and skim milk to your small herd of hogs,
which they thoughtfully turn into bacon and lard for cooking.
Reformed FDA officials help you make lacto-fermented
juice from the fruit grown in your orchards and pickles and chutneys
from your garden produce. All these products you provide in
your on-farm store to farm shareholders, many of whom are grateful
survivors from the lowfat era.
You make more money than you can possibly spend
on your family and so donate to local schools, theaters, symphony
orchestras or opera companies. You also build a nice house
on another part of your farm where another family lives, and you
pay this family handsomely to help with the work. That in
turn allows you to take a big vacation twice a year and learn how
people live in other parts of the world. "Missionary"
groups teach sustainable economics to people living in other countries,
and every year two foreign exchange students come to help out on
the farm.
Soon there are 200,000 farms. These farms create
an explosion of prosperity at the local level. Small towns revive,
and along with them, small businesses. Every town produces
a distinctive lacto-fermented soft drink, and every town supports
several great restaurants. Fast food places transfer into
local hands; new owners cook french fries in tallow or lard.
Unemployment disappears, and everybody makes a decent wage.
No one uses pesticides on their farms, so the chemical companies
close down that part of their operation. Many corporate employees
are freed from the system and find better pay and more fulfilling
work with local businesses or on farms.
It becomes more profitable to put land just outside
cities and towns into dairy farms rather than houses, and urban
sprawl gives way to green spaces. Wealthy farmers and wealthy
small businessmen put their money in local credit unions; the power
of international banks wanes, and so does their influence in Washington.
This new wealth is real, so there is no longer
any need to wage war to keep the economy afloat. The health
crisis resolves, and inner-city hospitals are torn down and replaced
with inner-city dairy farms, supplying fresh milk to resident families.
School lunch programs feature milk and products of local farms.
Because children are now eating real food, their
brains get wired properly; they are filled with curiosity and learn
easily; teaching becomes a joyous profession once again. Happy,
well-nourished children contribute to an artistic flowering –
music, painting, literature, dance, and the drarnatic arts flourish.
Eventually, there are 200 million people drinking
farm fresh milk.
And all of them live happily ever after." |
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